Annotated Bibliography
“Architectural Glass Products Downstream Processing,” Pilkington.com, accessed February 25, 2019,
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This source gives step by step by step the entire process of how Pilkington manufactured the floating glass. This source is important to the research that I am doing about how the change in architecture and the changes in the manufacturing process changes the way that we as architects think about glass as a material. This also helps to show how we can use more of this material in our designs in order to achieve something that was possible but not as quick before this change in manufacturing process.
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L.A.B. Pilkington. Manufacture of Flat Glass. US Patent 2,911,759 Filed December 6, 1954, serial No.
473,358, Issued Nov. 10, 1959. https://pdf.snapandread.com/viewer.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatentimages.storage.googleapis.com%2Fc3%2F12%2F63%2F84957fe4aadf1d%2FUS2911759.pdf
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This source is Pilkington’s patent for float glass method. This source is important because this is the first time that the float glass method of manufacturing glass has been created to mass produce and for commercial use. This is an important step in the history of architecture because even though there was already sheet glass that was available, now you can buy large amounts and have it produced quickly instead of having it handmade, like how it was done before Bessemer, or even done by machines by not as efficiently as with the way in which Pilkington had done it.
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Marcio L.F. Nascimento. “Brief History of the Flat Glass Patent – Sixty Years of the Float Process.” World
Patent Information 38 (4 July 2014): 50-56 https://pdf.snapandread.com/viewer.html?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamav.ufba.br%2Fpdf%2FWPI38.pdf
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This source provides a brief history behind the original inventor of the float glass process. The Float glass process was originally invented by Henry Bessemer which was eventually patented by Pilkington. Henry Bessemer was the first person to make flat glass out of compressing it between two rollers in order to get a flat and consistent sheet of glass. Essentially, Bessemer created the first attempt at sheet glass with the use of machines. This invention by Bessemer lead to many other machine-made ways of creating sheet glass that would later be commercializes. Bessemer’s sheet glass would be put on full display in buildings such as Crystal Palace, as this building was meant to be an exposition that would display technology advances throughout Europe, with the large amounts of glass used in the building Bessemer’s invention was on full display.
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. “A Brief History of Glass.” Pilkington.com (Blog). February 3, 2012. Accessed February 26, 2019. http://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/news-insights/blog/a-brief-history-of-glass
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This source is a website that tells a brief history behind glass and how it was integrated in to architecture. This source shows that even though glass was around before Bessemer and Pilkington, it was not until these two paved the way with their inventions for architects to view glass as a suitable building material for exterior cladding of a building instead of just using glass as windows.
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Pilkington Group limited. “Sir Alastair Pilkington.” Accessed February 25, 2019
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This source is a website about Pilkington and gives some insight into his revolutionary methods of how to make glass quicker to produce, cheaper to produce and sell, more readily available, and to make glass higher quality. This source explains what Pilkington set out to do and how he accomplished it.